Exploring policy options to stimulate bio LNG in the Netherlands
摘要
In the Netherlands the Socio-Economic Council (SER) has signed an Energy Agreement where Dutch parties have laid out a basis for a broadly supported, robust and future proof energy and climate policy. In the joint vision on the future energy mix, LNG and bio LNG are being referred to as important opportunities for the Dutch economy to sustain heavy road transport fuels. A transition from diesel to LNG and bio LNG is capital intensive, because gas trucks are more expensive and there is no infrastructure or bio LNG production capacity yet. If the Netherlands wants to cut heavy road transport emissions, policies have to be developed to stimulate alternative clean fuels. The question arises what the effects of a transition to bio LNG will be for the Dutch economy and society. This thesis is going to answer the following main research question: Which policies and regulations can be used to stimulate bio LNG and what is the value of SCBA in providing more insight in the effects of these policies? The research question is answered by using several methods, firstly a literature review is conducted on current support schemes and regulations towards bio LNG on a national and European level. The next step is to conduct interviews with actors currently involved in (bio) LNG. Meetings of The National Working Group bio LNG in combination with conferences and project visits are used to compose a view on current and possible future measures to stimulate bio LNG. Now the context is well established, the building of a SCBA model can begin. The first step is to compose a “business as usual” (BAU) case. The next step is to define the possible policy alternatives to stimulate bio LNG. The alternatives are composed by combining measures found in the previous phase. The number of trucks of different alternatives are based on sources found in literature. The alternatives go into the SCBA model and effects are calculated. The net present value of the effects is determined by the model and a