Advances in analysis of impacts of changing environments on extreme urban rainfall and drainage infrastructure
摘要
In recent years, the problem of urban waterlogging has become more and more serious as the environment has changed through both climate change and urbanization. The fundamental assumption of stationarity in municipal engineering may be invalid because changing environments have changed the frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall in urban areas. For this reason, analysis of the impacts of changing environments on extreme urban rainfall and drainage infrastructure is important to urban water resources management, municipal engineering design, and disaster prevention and mitigation. The present study summarizes the advances in future projection of short-duration (sub-daily) rainfall and design criteria for urban drainage system and also reviews both the evolution of laws concerning urban short-duration rainfall and current research into studies of the impacts of changing environments on drainage infrastructure. We also explored the physical mechanism underlying the impact of changing environments on urban short-duration extreme rainfall. Besides, we summarize the methods for analyzing of impacts of changing environments on urban region and emphasized what type of future research is required:① strengthening physical mechanisms research focusing on impacts of climate change and urbanization on short-duration extreme rainfall; ② improving the capability of climate models to describe the interactions between urban land surface and local climate, and strengthen the applications of kilometer-scale convection-permitting models in urban areas; ③ strengthening the study of design criteria for urban drainage infrastructure in changing environments; and ④ comprehensively evaluating the impacts of changes in extreme rainfall and urbanization on urban drainage infrastructure including pipes' surcharges, pollution and water security.