Study on Quality Evaluation of Hybrid Fresh <i>Gastrodia elata</i>(乌红杂交鲜天麻质量评价研究)
摘要
To conduct a comprehensive quality evaluation of Chongqing hybrid fresh <i>Gastrodia elata</i>, 5 batches of fresh <i>Gastrodia elata</i> (G1-G5) from different origins in Chongqing were collected as the research objects. The differences in nutritional components, active ingredients, heavy metal content, and volatile substances of hybrid fresh <i>Gastrodia elata</i> were compared and analyzed, and pattern recognition research was conducted by combining principal component analysis, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, and cluster analysis. As a result, the HPLC fingerprints of 5 batches of Chongqing <i>Gastrodia elata</i> were established, with similarities ranging from 0.967 to 0.997, indicating that the differences between different batches of <i>Gastrodia elata</i> were relatively small. The total content of gastrodin and <i>p</i>-hydroxybenzyl alcohol in G2 <i>Gastrodia elata</i> was the highest, at (5.92±0.67) mg/g. A total of 16 amino acids were detected from all samples, of which 9.77%-18.66% were essential amino acids. The content of medicinal amino acids was relatively higher in the range of (5703.77±240.89)-(7889.03±145.37) mg/kg, accounting for 63.05%-76.79% of the total amino acid content. Except for G5 <i>Gastrodia elata</i>, the heavy metal content of the other batches of <i>Gastrodia elata</i> complied with relevant industry standards. A total of 67 volatile compounds were detected in 5 batches of <i>Gastrodia elata</i>. Through odor activity value (OAV) analysis, 20 compounds with OAV greater than 0.1 were identified, of which 5 batches of <i>Gastrodia elata</i> all contained (<i>E</i>)-2-nonenal and had high OAV. This study aimed to provide a reference for the overall quality evaluation of Chongqing hybrid fresh <i>Gastrodia elata,</i> and to provide theoretical support for the further development and utilization of <i>Gastrodia elata</i> resources.(为综合评价重庆乌红杂交鲜天麻质量,以5批重庆不同地区乌红杂交鲜天麻(G1~G5)为研究对象,比较了乌红杂交鲜天麻在营养成分、活性成分、重金属含量及挥发性物质等方面的