Genetic analysis of floral traits in F1 hybrids of Hongxun No.1 × Double-flowering crabapple
摘要
【Objective】Ornamental crabapples (Malus spp.) are primarily distributed across the Eurasian continent and North America. Due to their vivid flower colors, concentrated blooming periods, and abundant flowering, ornamental crabapples have been widely applied in scenic areas, gardens, urban greening, and container gardening. Many ornamental crabapples in China were introduced from North America and Europe, and hybrid breeding was primarily focused on improving fruit traits of dessert apples. As a result, the breeding of crabapples started relatively late and mainly targeted descriptive traits such as flowering time, phenology, and flower color. Heridity of quantitative floral organ traits has been far from clear. A deeper analysis of the genetic variation and inheritance patterns of floral traits in the F1progeny derived from the cross between Hongxun No.1 and Double-flowering crabapple can provide a foundation for breeding ornamental apple cultivars.【Methods】A total of 204 F1hybrid individu als derived from the cross between Hongxun No.1(Malus spp.)and Double-flowering crabapple(Malus spp.)were investigated for five quantitative floral traits(flower diameter, petal count, stamen count, pistil count, and peduncle length)and two descriptive traits(flower color and petal type: single or double). We organized experimental data using IBM SPSS Statistics 27, and generated figures with Origin 2018. The parental values(P1and P2), variances(Vp1and Vp2), mid-parent value(MP), hybrid population mean(F), standard deviation(S), variance(VH), coefficient of variation(CV, %), transmissibility(Ta, %), broad-sense heritability(H b2, %), heterosis rate(H, %), and high-parent rate(HH, %)were calculated to analyze the inheritance patterns. The mixed major gene plus polygene inheritance model was used to analyze the genetic models of the five quantitative traits in the F1population using the SEA software package. The optimal genetic model was selected based on the minimum Akaike's Informa