超声辅助水酶法提取植物油研究进展Research progress on ultrasound-assisted aqueous enzymatic extraction of vegetable oil
摘要
水酶法作为一种绿色环保的植物油提取技术，具有操作简单、提取条件温和及所提油脂品质较好等特点，但存在酶解时间较长、酶制剂用量大等问题，制约了其在工业上的应用，而超声辅助技术的应用能够有效提升水酶法提取效率。为推动超声辅助水酶法的进一步应用，详细阐述了超声辅助技术在水酶法提取植物油中的作用机制，重点综述了超声辅助技术在水酶法提取植物油中的应用，同时介绍了超声辅助水酶法提取植物油的品质。由于超声的空化效应、热效应和机械作用，在水酶法提取植物油中其主要应用于破坏油料细胞、改善酶作用效果和乳状液破乳中。超声辅助技术有助于提高水酶法提取植物油的品质，但过度超声会造成油脂氧化和活性成分损失。今后需针对超声分解细胞壁、改善酶作用以及促进乳状液破乳作用机制进行更加深入的探讨，同时可以借助机器学习方法建立超声参量预测模型，针对植物油料和酶特性精准调控超声参量，最大化超声在水酶法中的应用效果，形成规模化生产应用。 As a green and environmentally friendly technology for extracting vegetable oils, the aqueous enzymatic method offers advantages such as simple operation, mild extraction conditions, and superior oil quality. However, its industrial application is constrained by issues including long enzymatic hydrolysis time and high enzyme usage. The application of ultrasound-assisted technology can effectively enhance the efficiency of the aqueous enzymatic method. To promote the further application of ultrasound-assisted aqueous enzymatic method, the mechanism for extracting vegetable oils by ultrasound-assisted aqueous enzymatic method was elaborated, with a focus on reviewing the applications of ultrasound-assisted technology in enzymatic extraction of vegetable oil. Additionally, the quality of oils extracted via this method was introduced. Due to the cavitation, thermal, and mechanical effects of ultrasound, ultrasound-assisted technology is primarily applied in aqueous enzymatic extraction of vegetable oils to disrupt oilseed cells, enhance enzymatic efficiency, and demulsify emulsions. Ultrasound-assisted technology helps improve the quality of vegetable oils extracted via the aqueous enzymatic method, but excessive ultrasound can lead to oil oxidation and loss of active components. Future research should delve deeper into the mechanisms of ultrasound in degrading cell walls, enhancing enzyme action, and facilitating demulsification. Furthermore, machine learning approaches can be employed to develop predictive models for ultrasound parameters, enabling precise regulation based