猪油、油茶籽油和花生油对小鼠糖脂代谢的影响Effects of lard, camellia seed oil and peanut oil on glucose and lipid metabolism in mice
摘要
旨在探究常用食用油及目前实际油脂供能水平对人体糖脂代谢的影响，为我国居民油脂选择提供参考，将54只C57BL/6J小鼠平均分为6组，即低脂饮食（15%脂肪供能水平，对照饮食）和高脂饮食（35%脂肪供能水平，模拟我国居民饮食实际油脂供能水平）的猪油组、油茶籽油组和花生油组，饲养24周，每周记录小鼠体质量，分别于22周和23周时测定小鼠葡萄糖耐量和胰岛素耐量，饲养结束后检测小鼠空腹血糖（FBG）水平、体脂率、血脂水平（TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C），并对小鼠肝脏病理学，肝脏TC、TG水平，血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）活性，以及肝脏糖脂代谢相关mRNA表达进行测定。结果显示：相比低脂饮食，高脂饮食下小鼠的FBG、终体质量和体脂率显著增加，葡萄糖耐量和胰岛素耐量受损，血脂水平升高，肝细胞受损，肝脏TC、TG水平和血清ALT、AST活性总体无明显变化；高脂饮食下，与油茶籽油组相比，猪油组小鼠的胰岛素敏感性升高，肝细胞受损程度以及肝脏TG水平均降低，且猪油组的抑制肝脏脂质合成基因（Ampk）的mRNA表达上调，促进肝脏脂质合成基因（Acc1、Gpat4、Fasn、Scd1、Acc2）的mRNA表达下调，花生油组促进肝脏脂肪酸氧化（Pparα、Hsl、Atgl、Cpt1、Fatp4）和胆固醇代谢基因（Cyp7a1）mRNA显著或极显著上调，猪油组的糖异生基因（Foxo1、Cs和Pck1）的mRNA表达较花生油组极显著下调。综上，中国居民目前的油脂摄入水平会引起糖脂代谢紊乱，应适当减少油脂摄入，猪油对于糖脂代谢的作用效果优于花生油和油茶籽油。 The aim is to examine the impact of the commonly used edible oils and the actual dietary fat energy level of the population on the glucose and lipid metabolism in human body to provide a reference basis for the selection of fats and oils for Chinese residents. Fifty-four C57BL/6J mice were averagely divided into six groups: three low-fat groups(15% fat energy diet, control diet) and three high-fat groups(35% fat energy diet, mimicking the actual dietary fat energy level of the population) receiving diets with lard, camellia seed oil and peanut oil as the added fat. All mice were maintained on their respective diets for 24 weeks, and the body weight of mice was recorded weekly. The glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance were measured at 22 and 23 weeks of feeding. At the end of the animal experiment, the fasting blood glucose (FBG) level, body fat percentage, and serum lipid level (TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C), liver pathology, liver TC and TG levels, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, and glucose and lipid metabolism-related mRNA levels were measured. The results showed that compared with a low-fat diet, a high-fat diet significantly increased FBG, final body weight, and body fat percentage, impaired glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance, elevate