[Response mechanisms of crops to drought stress and strategies of molecular breeding for drought resistance].
摘要
Drought stress impacts the growth, development, and yields of crops and is a major factor limiting global agricultural production. This paper primarily reviews the molecular mechanisms underlying crop responses to drought stress and the molecular strategies for breeding drought-resistant varieties. We first elaborate on the perception mechanisms of plants to drought stress and delve into the core signal transduction pathways underpinning drought stress responses, the transcriptional regulation and expression of drought-responsive genes, and the signaling pathways of other plant hormones involved in drought stress responses of crops. Additionally, we summarize the molecular strategies for breeding drought-resistant crops, including the identification of candidate drought resistance genes, molecular marker-assisted breeding, multi-omics-assisted breeding, and advancements in transgenic and gene-editing technologies. Finally, we introduce the current status, research hotspots, and future directions in the research on crop drought stress. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive reference for understanding the mechanisms of crop responses to drought stress and facilitate the breeding of drought-resistant crop varieties.