生产完整性与实际掌控力:破解财富分层范式的阶级分析新路径
摘要
【中文摘要】本文直面韦伯主义财富分层范式在解释当代阶级结构时的理论困境,开创性地提出以“生产完整性”和“实际掌控力”为核心的阶级分析新路径。这一框架在继承马克思主义生产资料占有根本原则的基础上,实现了从静态占有能力向动态功能掌控的视角转换。通过对工人、农民与“打工人”群体的比较分析,本文论证了该框架在破解阶级意识差异、揭示流动性规律与定位新兴群体上的强大解释力,为理解当代社会结构提供了一个兼具理论穿透力与实证操作性的系统性分析工具。 Abstract This paper confronts the theoretical dilemma of the Weberian paradigm of wealth stratification, which, by juxtaposing wealth, status, and power, obscures the decisive role of the economic base and fails to adequately explain contemporary class structures. In response, this study pioneeringly proposes a new approach to class analysis centered on the dual concepts of ‘production integrity’ and ‘actual control over the means of production’. Building upon the fundamental Marxist principle of ownership, this framework achieves a critical perspective shift from a static focus on legal ownership to a dynamic analysis of functional control within the production process. ‘Production integrity’ refers to the capacity to independently complete the entire cycle of commodity production, while ‘actual control’ measures the degree of functional command an individual or group exerts over various forms of the means of production, be it land, machinery, data, or platforms. Through a comparative analysis of workers, peasants, and the contemporary ‘wage earners’, the paper demonstrates the framework’s robust explanatory power. It reveals how the differential possession of ‘production integrity’ accounts for the distinct class consciousness and revolutionary potential among these groups. Furthermore, by extending the analytical perspective to discern the class nature of ‘public power’, the framework proves its versatility. It effectively analyzes whether state apparatuses function as a ‘quasi-means of production’ that serves the ruling class, as in capitalist states, or as a public trust managed on behalf of the people, as in socialist China. Ultimately, this standard proves instrumental in deciphering differences in class consciousness, revealing patterns of soc