Recent advances of graphdiyne for photo-/electrocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction
摘要
<sec><p indent="0mm">The continuous increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) contributes to a rise in the global average temperature, resulting in the ongoing melting of glaciers. At the 75th General Assembly of the United Nations in September 2020, China officially announced its “dual carbon” goals. The introduction of these goals highlights the urgent need to develop efficient technologies for CO<sub>2</sub> conversion and utilization. Currently, the conversion of carbon dioxide into high-value chemicals through photocatalytic and electrocatalytic technologies represents an effective strategy for addressing energy shortages and mitigating environmental pollution. Consequently, developing efficient photocatalysts and electrocatalysts is essential for advancing research in this field. </sec><sec> Graphdiyne is a novel carbon material characterized by its unique atomic structure, which imparts a range of exceptional properties, including abundant alkyne bonds, ultra-large <italic>π</italic>-conjugated structures, uniform pores, high carrier mobility, and tunable band gaps. In 2010, Li’s team first synthesized γ-graphdiyne (GDY) films on a copper surface utilizing the Glaser-Hay reaction. Since then, researchers have synthesized various types of graphdiyne by introducing functional groups into benzene rings or altering precursor types. These approaches not only enrich the structural diversity of graphdiyne but also provide an effective means for the precise regulation of its electronic properties. Given the unique properties of graphdiyne, researchers have further explored its applications in photocatalytic and electrocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction reactions. </sec><sec> This review summarizes the unique advantages of graphdiyne in the CO<sub>2</sub> reduction reaction. Firstly, the alkyne bonds in graphdiyne demonstrate strong electron-withdrawing properties, enhancing interactions with catalytic sites. This interaction effectively stabilizes catal