晶体管生物传感：界面调控策略及生物医学应用
摘要
<p indent="0mm">The great advancements in precision medicine and personalized healthcare urgent demand for highly sensitive biomolecular detection techniques. Among the diversity of developed detection assays, transistor-based electrical analysis devices have attracted an increasing number of attentions. Transistor-based biosensing is an electrical analytical technique which utilizes field-effect transistors (FETs) as signal amplification and conduction devices along with the recognition function of biological receptors to achieve specific detection of biomolecules or small chemical molecules. With multiple advantages such as fast response, label-free, high sensitivity, easy operation and easy integration, FET biosensors show great potential for applications in biomedical fields including disease diagnosis, pandemic screening, real-time monitoring and being an ideal candidate for serving as point-of-care testing (POCT) tools. In particular, FET-based electronics exhibit superb performance in the determination of trace biomolecules at picomolar and even attomolar levels. However, design of high-performance FET-based electrical biosensors remains a challenge attributed to small intrinsic charges of chemical and biological molecules as well as screening effect of counterions in solution. Given the high sensitivity of sensing channels to the behaviors and characteristics of targets of interest at solid–liquid interfaces, scientists have attempted to design FET-based biosensors that are highly sensitive, selective, and reliably stable by optimizing the interfacial structures, recognition elements and other engineering strategies. In this review, we describe the remarkable achievements during the progression of high-performance FET-based biosensors in the last decade, with an emphasis on strategies of interface modulation and biomedical applications of FET electrical analysis platforms. We highlight the diverse interface engineering approaches for high-performance FET bio