聚合物发泡与多孔功能材料的研究与应用进展
摘要
<p indent="0mm">Polymeric foams and porous materials are lightweight polymeric materials with a porous structure, also known as polymeric foams. Depending on the connectivity of the pores, polymeric foams can be classified into closed-cell and open-cell structures. The properties of open/closed-cell polymeric foams are determined by the polymer matrix, pore structure, and gas/cell wall interface characteristics. The diverse polymer matrices and rich pore structures endow polymeric foams with numerous functions, making them play a vital role in daily life and industrial production. Supercritical fluid physical foaming is a method for preparing polymeric foams using nitrogen or carbon dioxide supercritical fluids as physical foaming agents. This technology has gained increasing attention in academia and industry due to its environmentally friendly process, uniform and tiny cell structure of the prepared foam materials, and diverse preparation methods. Nonetheless, the foam materials obtained by supercritical fluid physical foaming are mainly closed-cell. The preparation of polymer porous materials with an open-cell structure can be achieved by selecting phase separation and ice templating methods. With the help of phase separation, polymer porous materials can be composited with more nanofillers to achieve superior functionality. This review summarizes the systematic work of the research group on the preparation of polymer/graphene oxide composite porous materials by phase separation. Up to 10wt%–30wt% of graphene oxide can be uniformly or selectively dispersed in the polymer porous materials through phase separation, endowing the polymer composite porous materials with good electromagnetic shielding effectiveness and electromagnetic wave absorption characteristics. This is beneficial for reducing electromagnetic wave leakage and the resulting secondary pollution problems. The porous structures obtained by physical foaming and phase separation often exhibit a relative