甲醇芽孢杆菌：下一代工业生物技术的新型底盘
摘要
<p indent="0mm">Methanol, with the advantages of abundant resources, low price, and high reduction degree of carbon, is a new non-food and renewable feedstock for green biomanufacturing. <italic>Bacillus methanolicus</italic> is a gram positive, thermophilic, and facultative methylotrophic bacterium that assimilates methanol through nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) dependent methanol dehydrogenase (Mdh) and ribulose monophosphate cycle (RuMP) pathway. It grows rapidly using methanol at <sc>50°C~55°C</sc> and produces a variety of high value added products including L-glutamate and L-lysine, representing a novel microbial chassis for the next generation of industrial biotechnology. The omics information including genome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome of <italic>B</italic>. <italic>methanolicus</italic> MGA3 has been analyzed, providing basic knowledge for understanding its genetic and metabolic characteristics and conducting metabolic engineering. However, compared to the model microbial chassis such as <italic>Escherichia coli</italic>, the enabling technology of gene editing and regulation for <italic>B</italic>. <italic>methanolicus</italic> is relatively backward. In this review, we summarize the genetic and physiological characteristics, available gene expression elements and tools, and biosynthetic application advances of <italic>B</italic>. <italic>methanolicus</italic>, discuss the urgent research directions for breakthroughs, and prospect the application foreground of <italic>B</italic>. <italic>methanolicus</italic> in industrial biotechnology.