物理生物医学—原创交叉研究的新领域
摘要
<p indent="0mm">Physical biomedical science is an emerging interdisciplinary research field that deeply integrates physics and biomedicine, and incorporates knowledge and technology from physical sciences in multiple fields such as materials science, chemistry, information science, and mechanical engineering. Starting from the development process of modern interdisciplinary research between physics and biomedicine, this paper clearly proposes that “physical biomedical science”, as a cutting-edge interdisciplinary subject, its scientific connotation is to reveal the physical laws of life phenomena and use physical methods and technologies to control the process of life activities. Through comparison, the differences in research paradigms, research methods and research objects between “physical biomedical science”, “biophysics” and “chemical biology” are also clarified. From the perspective of research scope, “physical biomedical science” focuses on the analysis of endogenous physical signals generated along with life activities; as well as exploring the regulatory effects of exogenous physical fields on cells, tissues, organs, and individuals and revealing the underlying mechanisms. Specifically, the authors summarize four important research directions of “physical biomedical science”. (1) Discovering the targets of physical stimulation: In addition to receptors that specifically sense physical stimuli, exogenous physical signals can also directly interact with a variety of biological macromolecules, thereby changing the conformation of biological molecules and regulating life activities. The study of targets that respond to physical stimuli also lays the foundation for the development of emerging technologies such as optogenetics, electrogenetics, and magnetogenetics. (2) Exploring the biological regulatory effects and mechanisms of physical stimulation: Physical stimulations have regulatory mechanisms through “receptor activation and signal transduction pathways” s