中国深度参与全球海洋生物多样性保护的研究与展望
摘要
<p indent="0mm">Biodiversity is the cornerstone of the diverse services of ecosystems and the basis for people’s well-being. The oceans are the repository of global biodiversity. In 2022, <italic>The</italic> <italic>Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework</italic> was adopted during the 15th meeting of the Conference of the Parties of the United Nations (UN) Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). A significant component of this historic framework is the ambitious “30×30” goal, which calls for effective conservation and management of at least 30% of the world’s lands, inland waters, coastal areas, and oceans by 2030. With less than 10% of the world’s oceans currently protected, the future holds numerous challenges in achieving the “30×30” goal collectively. In 2023, after <sc>20 years</sc> of negotiations, the UN General Assembly reached a consensus on the adoption of <italic>The Agreement under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea</italic> (UNCLOS) on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ Treaty). These milestones signify a major transformation in global ocean governance where marine biodiversity conservation has become one of the core issues. As the global ocean governance is currently undergoing systematic changes, China should seize the opportunity and plan a path to achieve deep participation in the global marine biodiversity conservation. To address this issue, we review the current global ocean governance mechanism and the development of marine biodiversity conservation issue through a retrospective analysis of key events. On the basis of the legal constraints of UNCLOS and CBD, a series of international conventions and rules have been developed by different parties and organizations for the protection of specific marine areas, marine ecosystems, flagship species, and fishery resources. Over the past two decades, under the leadership of the UN and with the participation of