從Hirschi社會連結觀點探究學校因素對青少年吸菸行為之影響 Influence of School Factors on Adolescent Smoking Behavior From the Perspective of Hirschi’s Social Bond Theory
摘要
本研究欲從Hirschi社會連結觀點，探究學校因素對青少年吸菸行為之影響，以期補足菸害防制在制度與政策面之外，學校實務功能執行面之區塊。本研究利用「台灣青少年成長歷程研究」資料庫，樣本為1,668位高中職（含專科）學生，進行零膨脹負二項迴歸分析，檢視由學校因素所構成的連結，是否影響、如何影響青少年的吸菸行為。在考量性別和學校類型的脈絡效應後，青少年有無吸菸行為受到師生關係、大學或以上之教育承諾、請假天數，以及對吸菸持「當然錯」道德信念的影響。其中的師生關係、教育承諾與道德信念是保護因子，增加青少年無吸菸的機率。相對地，青少年在學校的請假天數，則降低青少年無吸菸的機率。另外，學校因素影響吸菸頻率（成癮程度）的假設，未能獲得本實徵研究的支持。最後，依據研究結果提出建議，以供學校、教師作為實際輔導工作及未來研究之參考。 Introduction This study explored the impact of different school factors on adolescent smoking behavior from the perspective of Hirschi’s social bond theory. Hirschi proposed that social bonds restrain adolescents from deviant behavior. According to this theory, four elements constitute social bonds: attachment, involvement, commitment, and belief. Hirschi suggested that these bonds, such as attachment to teachers and peers, involvement in conventional activities, commitment to higher educational levels, and belief in moral values, reduce the likelihood of rules being broken. According to the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (Health Promotion Administration [HPA], 2020), the smoking rate among high school students in Taiwan was 8.4% (12.7% for boys and 3.7% for girls). The HPA and Taiwan’s Ministry of Education have been promoting the Campus Smoke -Free Campaign since 2009. However, during the 2018-2019 academic year, an increase in the use of cigarettes among high school students was observed (HPA, 2020). Problems associated with cigarette use, such as cancer and addiction, are not uncommon, particularly among Taiwan’s adolescents. This study examined the influence of different school factors on smoking behavior. Accordingly, we applied a zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression model to determine the appropriate distribution of data. Methods Using the Taiwan Youth Project (TYP) survey data and ZINB regression model, we simultaneously analyzed the impact of school factors on expected smokers and the frequency of cigarette smoking among adolescent smokers. The TYP is a longitudinal study, and the baseline in