應用Petri-Net建構知識構圖強化適性學習診斷與學習推薦之研究 Applying Petri-Net to Construct Knowledge Graphs for Adaptive Learning Diagnostics and Learning Recommendations
摘要
電機電子領域專業知識概念間存在錯綜複雜的關係，具有相同學習成效的學生可能存在不同的迷思概念與結構，然多數既有學習導引機制缺乏推薦學習者適性學習內容與途徑的規劃，因此，技職專業人才的培育面臨極大的障礙與困境。由於科技的進步，知識構圖被廣為應用於推薦系統，找出符合使用者需求的新訊息。本研究由五位高職電機電子群專業科目知識概念專家、八位試題發展專家及五位電機電子群業界專家與資深教師，運用三回合修正式德菲法剖析電機電子領域核心基礎：「基本電學」12個主題的58個專業概念與95個對應相關性，再利用具有圖形特性的派翠西網路（Petri-Net）技術，建構出其Petri-Net知識構圖，並發 現對後續學習影響最巨的概念依序為電路型態與特性、電的單位、向量運算及電壓。此外，本研究以初探性導入建立三種不同學習類型個案學生的Petri-Net知識構圖，並剖析他們個別的學習歷程與狀態，結果顯示Petri-Net知識構圖的應用得以：一、提供視覺化學習鷹架增強初學 者的認知結構；二、適性診斷不同類型學習者的迷思概念；三、推估後續概念的學習效果；四、推薦個人化學習內容與路徑助益自主學習與補救教學。據此，本研究提出相關的討論與建議，作為發展測評系統及擬定教學策略參考。 Because of the increasing heterogeneity among students in classes and schools, determining a student’s basic learning status and ability in each subject and tailoring instruction or adapting remedial teaching to a student’s needs and characteristics have become challenging, especially for those students with learning disadvantages. According to Skinner’s behavioral learning theory (as cited in Gregory, 1987), differences in a student’s learning experiences (such as in understanding concepts) lead to considerable disparities in future learning. Drastic differences in internal cognition and concept structure may exist even among students with the same traditional learning achievements (i.e., scores) (Yu & Yu, 2006). Furthermore, the differences in concept cognition structure between experts and novices may be discoverable by analyzing similarities in students’ conceptual understandings, relationships, or psychological metrics (Brand-Gruwel et al., 2005; Hsu et al., 2012). Cognitive diagnostic models, such as the knowledge map, are useful for assessing a student’s conceptual knowledge structures and misconceptions to improve differentiated teaching, learning diagnosis, and remedial teaching (Chu et al., 2014; Hwang, Shi et al., 2011; Hwang, Wu et al., 2011; Ku et al., 2014; Lou et al., 2007; Lwo et al., 2013; Ting & Kuo, 2016). However, most such models have been constructed using only vertical hierarchical structures, wherein spotting multilateral co