Socio-economic impacts of tourism on a world heritage site : case study of rural Borobudur, Indonesia
摘要
This study focuses on Borobudur Temple Compounds World Heritage Site (WHS) and the surrounding rural area in Central Java, Indonesia. It aims to (1) investigate socio-economic impacts of heritage tourism from local community’s point of view; and (2) explore factors, which are affecting the generation of socio-economic impacts for the community. Through survey research targeting local people, focus group interviews and key informants interviews, this study tried to investigate socio-economic impacts of heritage tourism from local community’s point of view. The study then explores factors that have been affecting socio-economic impacts of heritage tourism in Borobudur. It classified these factors into three different contexts, i.e. local, national, and international context. The local context consists of the local environment (socio-demography and area characteristics) and management of WHS and heritage tourism (organizations involved in the management and their inter-relationships, management process); the national context encompasses tourism policy and the existing legal frameworks on tourism and WHS; and the international context consists of the role of relevant organizations, such as UNESCO, the nomination process and the dynamics of World Heritage discourse, i.e. evolving concepts relevant to local development in the past years and how they are implemented so that WHS can give more benefit to development at the local level. Using data collection methods such as interviews with organizations involved in the management of WHS and its vicinity, expert interviews, secondary data analysis, the second research objective, which is to explore factors affecting the generation of socio-economic impacts for the community, is carried out. By combining the research conducted at the community level and the many influencing factors, the study intend to explain the socio-economic impacts at the community level in light of the management or governing process of the WHS and its vi