原子基态光谱精细结构的全相对论理论
摘要
We focus on the full relativistic quantum mechanical calculations from boron to fluorine atoms with electronic configuration of 1s 2 2s 2 2p n (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5), where 1s 2 2s 2 is the closed shell and 2p n is the open shell. Their active electrons in the open shell occupy all the six spinors as far as possible. Therefore, we suggest a new rule called "maximum probability" for the full symmetry group relativistic theory. Furthermore, the spectral fine structure of the atomic ground states based on the full relativistic theory and their intervals of L-S splitting are all reasonable. It is impossible to calculate the L-S splitting through non-relativistic quantum mechanics. The relativistic effect of atomic mass is increased significantly by about 12 folds from boron atom to fluorine atom.