南向政策下之跨境教師專業發展的需求評估：以五所馬來西亞華文獨立中學為例 Needs Assessment of Cross-Border Teachers’ Professional Development Under the Southbound Policy: Case Study of Five Malaysian-Chinese Independent Secondary Schools
摘要
新南向政策下，我國致力於和東南亞國家協會等國的雙邊人才交流與培育，其中馬來西亞與我國交流尤其密切。馬來西亞華文獨立中學雖然致力於師資專業化，但仍有改善空間，因此我國師資培育大學逐步與獨立中學合作，培育馬來西亞師資。然而，我國師資培育系統著重於培育臺灣背景的教師，以符合義務教育的需求。要如何走出地方性，有效協助跨境教師所需要的教師專業知能並確保品質，是一大挑戰。本研究以實徵研究方法探討馬來西亞僑生在我國大學畢業後返回獨中任教，或是曾經接受我國培訓的獨中教師，其教師專業知能的需求情形。本研究以問卷、晤談及焦點座談等方法蒐集資料，並結合重要性—表現分析法與 差距分析進行資料解析，以增加精確性。結果發現，獨中教師的專業成長需求受到環境與時間因素的影響。由於國家情境脈絡不同，馬來西亞當地與跨境學歷的教師需求有所差異；五所學校中有兩所學校的脈絡較為特殊，需求也不相同；而華文教師與其他科目教師不同，對於教學策略的需求較低。在時間與環境（個人、學校環境及國家脈絡）的影響下，教師因特有的脈絡而有不同的專業成長需求。本研究結果可提供各師資培育大學作為課程調整與規劃之參考，以及國家南向教育政策評估的依據。 Under the New Southbound policy, the government of Taiwan is promoting the exchange and cultivation of bilateral talents with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, in which Malaysia is included. Although Malaysian organizations have been devoted to enhancing the professional development of schoolteachers for years, room for improvement remains, especially for those in Chinese independent secondary schools. Teacher universities in Taiwan are cooperating with these secondary schools by accepting Malaysian students for teacher education, in addition to providing workshops or degree programs to in-service teachers for professional development. However, most teacher education programs in Taiwan are designed for preparing teachers to fulfill compulsory education needs. The challenge is to help those who are willing to become cross-border teachers enhance their teaching profession while maintaining program quality to meet requirements and standards. The aim of this study was to assess the professional development needs of teachers in Chinese independent secondary schools in Malaysia; the study particularly focused on the teachers who have become independent secondary schoolteachers after receiving teacher education in Taiwanese universities and those who received diplomas from other countries but received teacher training from the universities in Taiwan. Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) and discrepancy analysis were used to perform a needs assessment. IPA has been applied