基于低共熔溶剂的萃取分离技术及其应用研究进展
摘要
<p id=C3>With the rapid development of green chemistry, the design and application of the related methods and requisite solvents have received increasing attention in recent years. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are mixtures formed from a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and a hydrogen bond donor (HBD). Generally, ionic liquids (ILs) and DESs have similar physical and chemical properties, and hence, find application in the same fields. However, DESs have many advantages over ILs, such as non-toxicity, environmental friendliness, low cost, and biodegradability. Thus, there are many areas where DESs play a key role and act as new, efficient green extraction solvents. DESs can aid the extraction and separation of different target compounds from a variety of samples, thus promoting the rapid development of sample pretreatment technology. As extraction solvents, DESs offer unique advantages. In dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), DESs show incredible ability to extract residual drugs, metal ions, and bioactive components from complex matrices, which would require complicated sample preparation steps when using traditional organic extraction solvents. Compared with traditional organic extraction solvents, DESs have considerable merits of greenness, hypotoxicity, higher extraction efficiency, etc. Moreover, as a dispersant, a DES can accelerate the diffusion of the extractant in the sample solution during DLLME, owing to its benefits of miniaturization and low cost. Traditional dispersants such as methanol and acetonitrile have many disadvantages, including high volatility, flammability, and toxicity, while DESs are environmentally friendly. Therefore, the combination of DES and DLLME has recently gained prominence in the field of sample preparation. Additionally, the combination of DES and solid-phase extraction (SPE) has broad application prospects. By virtue of their diverse functions, DESs have been used as eluents, in combination with a solid-phase extraction