環境友善生物碳材料於水中污染物之去除：材料製備、特性分析及其應用
摘要
This thesis aims to develop eco-friendly biochar (BC)-based materials for water treatment. The BC-based materials can be controlled and enhanced their properties, e.g., physical, chemical, or/and electrochemical properties. The improvement of these properties can be beneficial for surface or interface-related or ionic transport processes, resulting in efficient water treatment. Firstly, the application of high-quality meso/micropore-controlled hierarchical porous carbon (HPC) was synthesized by a hard template method utilizing BC and then used to adsorb copper ions from an aqueous solution. The preparation procedure included two main steps: base leaching and physicochemical activation. During the activation process, porosity characteristics (i.e., specific surface area (SSA) and mesoporosity) were controlled by altering the KOH impregnation ratio, activation time, and temperature under the CO2 atmosphere. As evidenced, HPC material has a very high SSA of 2330 m2 g–1 with an 81% mesoporosity. Besides, a copper adsorption study was performed using the HPC samples with different pore structures and characteristics. The most obvious finding to emerge from this study was that a high adsorption capacity (265 mg g–1) and fast removal of copper ions can be obtained by HPCs synthesized from activated BC. The large SSA ensures a high adsorption capacity, while the mesopores are preferable for faster ion removal during the adsorption process. Secondly, HPC as an eco-friendly electrode material was fabricated from BC for electrosorption of ions. The porous structure in the HPC can be controlled by different activation times to optimize the material physicochemical and electrochemical properties. The HPC achieved a high SSA (1839 m2 g−1), large PV (1.21 cm3 g−1), and mesoporosity (58%). The HPC electrode exhibited excellent electrochemical properties with a high specific capacitance of 120.5 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1 in a 1 M NaCl solution as well as good reversibility for capacitive c