Adiponectin： Probe of the molecular paradigm associating diabetes and obesity
摘要
Type 2 diabetes is an emerging health challenge all overthe world as a result of urbanization, high prevalenceof obesity, sedentary lifestyle and other stress relatedfactors compounded with the genetic prevalence. Thehealth consequences and economic burden of theobesity and related diabetes mellitus epidemic areenormous. Different signaling molecules secreted byadipocytes have been implicated in the developmentof obesity and associated insulin resistance in type2 diabetes. Human adiponectin, a 244-amino acidcollagen-like protein is solely secreted by adipocytes andacts as a hormone with anti-inflammatory and insulinsensitizingproperties. Adiponectin secretion, in contrastto secretion of other adipokines, is paradoxicallydecreased in obesity which may be attributable toinhibition of adiponectin gene transcription. Thereare several mechanisms through which adiponectinmay decrease the risk of type 2 diabetes, includingsuppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis, stimulation offatty acid oxidation in the liver, stimulation of fatty acidoxidation and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, andstimulation of insulin secretion. To date, no systematicreview has been conducted that evaluate the potentialimportance of adiponectin metabolism in insulinresistance. In this review attempt has been made toexplore the relevance of adiponectin metabolism forthe development of diabetes mellitus. This article alsoidentifies this novel target for prospective therapeuticresearch aiming successful management of diabetesmellitus.