中国的制度变迁、阶级结构转型和收入不平等：1978-2005
摘要
本文结合制度主义理论与新马克思主义的阶级分析方法，提出在中国社会分层研究中“把阶级带回来”的观点。根据户口制度、单位制度、干部身份制和私有产权等造成转型时期中国不平等的重要制度性因素，建立一个以对不同形式生产性资产的占有为基础的即新马克思主义取向的中国阶级分类方式，并在经验层面展示了其较之于其他分类法的优越性。研究认为，中国正在发生的制度转型对社会不平等秩序的重塑表现为不同形式的生产性资产，即劳动力、资本、组织、技术/权威等四种所有权作用的相对转变，从而导致阶级结构的转型和贫富差距的拉大。Combining the institutional theories and the class analysis methodology associated with Neo-Marxism, this paper advocates a perspective of "bringing back the class analysis" to the social stratification research in China. According to the important institution-related factors such as the household registration system (hukou), the work unit system (danwei), the administrator rank system, and private ownership of the means of production-factors that have led to the inequality in a transforming China, this paper proposes a Neo-Marxist, Chinese classification model that is based on the possession of different forms of productive assets. This new classification model has already empirically demonstrated its superiority over other types of classification systems. Research has concluded that the impact of the ongoing institutional transition in China on the social order being unequally rearranged is reflected in the corresponding changes of the ownership of different productive assets like labor force, capital, organization, skills, and authority, which has brought about a class structural transition as well as the expanded gap between the rich and the poor.