Ecosystem Health Assessment Indictors for Lakes
摘要
Since the concept of ecosystem health emerged in the 1980s,assessing the health status of lake ecosystem has been a primary objective of resource managers and new goals for lake environmental management. Lakes are extremely important freshwater storage areas on the earth's surface and their ecosystem service functions are equally important in terms of sustainable economic and social development. However,due to the increasing impact of anthropogenic activities,their ecosystem service functions are gradually being degraded. Therefore,the need for lake health assessment has become increasingly important. Establishing an index system of lake ecosystem health is the first step in lake ecosystem health assessment and here we review and summarize and analyze relevant researchs literatures systematically from five aspects:the time scale of lake ecosystem assessment,assessment methods,intensity of human disturbance to lakes,whether they are connected to rivers or not and the degree of eutrophication. We then state the connotation and influence mechanism of representative indicators,such as phytoplankton biomass(PB),eco-exergy(Ex),structural eco-exergy(Exst),and the ratio of zooplankton biomass to phytoplankton biomass(ZB/PB). We conclude with several suggestions regarding the comprehensiveness of the index system,universality of the index system,focus of lake ecosystem assessment,assessment principles,and the unique features of ecological indicators for natural riverlike system.