典型陆地生态系统对气候变化响应的定量研究
摘要
Analyses of ecosystem change trends since the 1920s have indicated that forest, farmland and grassland ecosystems have had strong responses to climate change. Many ecosystems have obviously changed in composition, structure and distribution. Ecosystem productivity has a decreasing trend because of plant disease and insect pests, frequent occurrence of extreme weather, and increasing mortality of plant species. Scenarios of responses of typical ecosystems to climate change show that structure, distribution, species and productivity would greatly change in areas at high altitude and latitude. However, these responses are very complex, because of complex interactions among biotic communities. Understanding of ecosystem change is still very elementary. There is no definite conclusion, especially regarding impacts of climate change on plant species, extreme climate consequences, and plant diseases and insect pests. Comprehensive assessment of climate change effects on typical ecosystems is difficult to accomplish with current knowledge. We need to construct a platform for simulating ecosystem dynamics by integrating remote sensing and ground-truth data, based on studying the mechanisms of ecosystem response to climate change.