NEW DISCOVERIES ABOUT SINANTHROPUS PEKINENSI IN CHOUKOUTIEN
摘要
1. The present paper is a description based on Sinanthropus materials including 5 teeth and two fragments of humerus and tibia recovered since the restoration of the Choukoutien excavation in 1949. 2. The Sinanthropus teeth are divided into two types. The large type belongs to male and the small, to female. Of the present 5 tooth specimens the incisor and the molars belong to the large type and hence are of male sex, and the other two premolars belong to the small type and hence are of female sex. 3. Teeth of Sinanthropus, whether crowns or roots, are much bigger than those of modern man. 4. The left medial upper incisor bears well-developed basal tubercle on the lingual surface. The lingual surface is strongly shovel-shaped. 5. The upper premolars are robust in size. Their chewing surfaces are covered with wrinkles of special pattern. 6. The crown of the first or second lower molar is characterized by its lowness in relation to its length and breadth. Pronounced cingulum pre- sents on the buccal surface of the crown. Their roots are very strong. 7. The humeral shaft is almost identical with that of modern man. The only true difference is that the medullary cavity of the shaft is much narrower and the walls considerably thicker than they appear in modern man. Be- sides, it shows bulky deltoid tuberosity. 8. The tibial shaft is slender. The anterior border is blunt. The cross- section of the shaft is bluntly prismatic. The walls are extraordinarily thick and the medullary cavity is very narrow. The tibia is quite different from that of Neanderthals, but it closely resembles that of Solo Man. 9. The results of the study of Sinanthropus pekinensis by the present authors and others clearly show that the upper cetremity bones of Sinanthropus are almost identical to those of modern man; the lower extremity bones are definitely human in form and appearance, but possess also some primitive characters. The teeth and skulls bear many primitive features. The cranial capacity i