Analysis of Water Balance in Zhalong Wetland
摘要
Zhalong Wetland is a floodplain wetland with an area of 2 100km2.The main source rivers are Wuyur and Shuangyang rivers.The surface of the wetland is very flat except some small ridges.It is composed of a wide central area covered by flush reeds and surrounded by lakes.A root and humus layer of reed with a depth of 1-2m covers a deeply embedded clay layer in the wetland.The maximum depth of water in the central area of the wetland is about 2m.The area of water surface accounts for 70% of the total area of the nature reserve in an average hydr-ological year. Wetlands are now recognized as one of the world's most productive ecosystems which through their functions provide goods and services for the health,safety and welfare of human populations.These functions include groundwater discharge and recharge,sediment trapping,flood storage,water quality improvement and fishery and wildlife habitat.Unfortunately,wetland loss has occurred at devastating rates throughout the world over the past two centuries due to climate change and human activities.In order to conduct a successful wetland restoration and sustainable management of wetlands,understanding and quantifying the hydrological processes are vital.The most common approach for determining wetland hydrology is to calculate water balance based on all sources and sinks to the system.Water balance for the Zhalong wetland was calculated for the period of 1956-2000.Firstly,the methods of accumulated difference is uesd to analyze the characteristics of water cycling elements including precipitation,evapotranspiration and inflow.Then,water balance was caculated in Zhalong wetland in light of its nanual condition for the period 1956-2000.The results show that the water storage of Zhalong wetland had a trend of slightly decrease by an annual average of 16.8×106m3.The annual average water inputs into Zhalong wetland were as follows:61.5% from precipitation,36.5% from upstream inflow,and 2.0% from upland runoff;the annual average