特殊浸润性表面在油水分离中的应用
摘要
Wettability is one of the most important properties of solid surface. In recent years, surfaces with special wettability, including superhydrophobic surfaces, superhydrophilic surfaces and superoleophilic surfaces, have aroused great attention due to the wide applications in daily life and industrial field. The usage of surfaces with special wettability in oil/water separation is a hot topic in material science nowadays. The oil/water separation technique has great influence in chemical research and industrial field, such as the recycle of oil spill and separation of organic solvents. Generally there is a large gap between the surface tension of water and oil. A surface with different affinity to water and oil can attract one phase while repel the other. Enhancing the surface wettability leads to higher separation efficiency. Here we review the research progress of applications of surfaces with wettability in oil/water separation in three aspects: superhydrophobic and superoelophilic surfaces, underwater superoleophilic surfaces and reversible surfaces. The challenges and perspectives for future research in this field are addressed.