合作演化中的反馈机制
摘要
Explaining cooperative behaviors in biological and social systems is a fundamental and challenging problem. Evolutionary game theory provides a powerful framework addressing this issue. Costly punishment is proven to be a promising mechanism promoting cooperation by many experimental designs in the field of evolutionary game theory. We first give an introduction to cooperation and evolutionary games, and then review experimental and theoretical works on punishment, focusing on the evolution of punishment, its positive and detrimental effects on cooperation evolving. We further explore the dynamical influence induced by punishment evasion, and the effect of institutional punishment and reward on cooperation. Finally we summarize our conclusions and briefly outline directions for future research.