身體、隱喻與轉化的力量－－論莊子的兩種身體、兩種思維
摘要
Recent studies have shown that increasing attention has been given to body and metaphor in Western philosophy. This paper provides a new perspective to interpret Zhuangzi's 莊子 thought of body and metaphor. I argue that the crucial distinction between ＂Leib＂ (living body) and ＂Korper＂ (objective body), made by Nietzsche, may also play a role in the Zhuangzi. For Zhuangzi, the individual is the embodiment of the form of natural process (qi 氣). A living body gets energy from this natural process only if one can practice a way of living that utilizes metaphorical thinking. Zhuangzi criticizes Huishi 惠施 for overemphasizing conceptual thinking, which causes the connection between body and natural process to become lost. Thinking through the metaphor of qi, Zhuangzi, as Nietzsche, philosophizes with metaphor and emphasizes the role of metaphorical thinking. Conceptual thinking therefore no longer occupies the top priority for philosophy. In this article, I intend to explore what ＂body＂ means to Zhuangzi and investigate the relationship between body, thinking, and self-transformation. Finally, and most importantly, I examine the following question: What is the way of thinking and living implied in Zhuangzi's theory of body and metaphor?