永續發展教育脈絡探討：「聯合國永續發展教育十年計畫」之回顧
摘要
The world continues to face critical challenges such as: global climate change, the rapid depletion of natural resources, the frequency of natural disasters, the loss of biodiversity. The concept of Sustainable Development shows us what mistakes humen made before and what can we rethink to do something now for the future. Education is a key point for Sustainable Development. The development and implementation of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) are a global challenge and face many obstacles around the world. This comes as no surprise as ESD has many faces, spans many sectors and disciplines, emphasizes new forms of learning and ways of thinking and needs to be grounded in local contexts while at the same time being receptive and sensitive to what happens elsewhere. As a result, this research wants to grasp the spirit of ESD. First, I take an analysis for the contexts and structures of ESD as the basic viewpoint of education. Besides, Environmental Education (EE) in many countries around the world established strongly. The simultaneous existence and development of EE and ESD has given rise in some countries to question about the relationships between the two. So the second of my research clarifies the distinctions and relationships between the two. Third, as the 1970s, ESD followed many international conferences to discuss, modify, deepen and advocate, the resolution requested UNESCO in 2003, as the designated lead agency for ”Decade of Education for Sustainable Development 2005-2014”, one of the UN-supported major programmes. Reviewing of the contexts and objects of DESD and rethinking the challenges of ESD are to understand the seven strategies of DESD. Fourth, furthermore, my research summarizes the relationships with 4 major international education initiatives by UN-supported : the Millennium Development Goal (MDG)、the Education for All (EFA)、the United Nations Literacy Decade (UNLD)、the Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (DESD), and point