東歐 諸國의 人口 및 保健醫療政策에 關한 綜合的 研究
摘要
Though most of East European coutries seem to hold a pronatalist policy, they approve of family planning and provide contraceptive services. One of the most popular contraceptive method has traditionally been the coitus interruptus in these countries. One of the major reasons for adopting family planning is to decrease the incidence of induced abortion rather than to lower the population growth rate. A very high incidence of induced abortion has been closely related to the popular use of coitus interruptus in these countries. Most of the East European countries liberalized induced abortion legally mainly to neutralize the wide practice of illegal abortion. However, the practice of induced abortion is under the strict control of the public health authorities in these countries. Migration and redistribution of population are mostly under the control of the state in these socialist countries. Policies on migration and redistribution are usually carried out to achieve the general goal of socio-economic development plan of the states. Both incentive measures and control measures are mobilized to affect the internal migration and redistribution of population. With respect to public health East European countries are characterized by the socialized medicine following the Soviet model. Public health measures and medical practice are controlled by the state and highly centralized in many countries except Yugoslavia. They place much emphasis on preventive medicine, primary health care, occupatinal and industrial medicine, and health education. Private sectors in medical practice do not exist in these countries of Eastern Europe.