The Role of Avalanches in Mass Budget of Glaciers
摘要
Avalanches are important factors in the nourishment of many glaciers (for example the ava-lanche glaciers or the Turkestan glaciers). The contribution of avalanches to the nourishment of different glaciers varies from 10 to 60 % of the total snowfall accumulation. Many glaciers with avalanche nourishment are situated in the Tien Shan, the Himalayas and other mountain regions. Avalanche ablation of glaciers occurs when slush snow avalanches along the glacier lobe or when ice breaks from the glacier body. The avalanche in the mountain plays a considerable role in the appearance of mountain landscape. For example we have information on 17500 avalanches being observed in Alps every year (Iveronova, 1962). Avalanches in the USSR are known in all of the mountain regions. from north to south and from west to east (Lossev, 1961, 1966). In other words, every year, enormous masses of snow are avalanched from mountain slopes to valley bottoms. While part of the avalanched snow is accumulated on the glacier surfaces, not all glaciers have avalanche nourishment. Naturally such nourishment is common only in glaciers surrounded by avalanche slopes. For example, we have corrie