微孔有机聚合物
摘要
Microporous organic polymers are a relatively new class of materials that show potential applications in various fields such as heterogeneous catalysis, adsorption, separation, and gas storage. The past decade has witnessed the development of microporous materials (i.e., materials containing pores of dimensions less than 2.0 nm) derived wholly from organic components. Several design strategies have emerged to produce organic polymers with permanent microporosity: i) hypercrosslinked polymers, where extensive crosslinking prevents close packing of polymeric chains, ii) polymers of intrinsic microporosity, where polymers are prepared from rigid, contorted structures that cannot pack efficiently, iii) conjugated microporous polymers, in which the inherent rigidity of most conjugated π-systems lends well to the generation of permanent microporosity, iv) covalent organic frameworks, which are crystalline materials formed by reversible condensation of appropriate multifunctional building blocks. On the basis of recent research progress, this paper will introduce the polymers of intrinsic microporosity and conjugated microporous polymers in major, and the other two kinds of polymers are also involved briefly.