進入公共空間的私密創傷：台灣「慰安婦」的見證敘事作為療癒場景
摘要
In February 1992, the Taipei Women's Rescue Foundation (TWRF) set up a complaint hotline searching for former ”comfort women” in Taiwan, allowing the historical trauma kept in secret for half a century to enter into public space. From 2007, I started a fieldwork on the ”Psycho-physical Caring Workshop for 'Ah-Ma'” (formerly known as ”Psychotherapy Workshop for Comfort Women”) organized by TWRF since 1996. Based on a psychoanalytical approach, my initial intention was to interrogate how the dialectic relationship between personal history and collective History would affect subject's understanding of one's own traumatic experience. Through this ”clinical fieldwork”, I unexpectedly discovered the crucial role played by the publicization of traumatic narratives in social mobilization. I have then been focusing my observations on two levels of mobilization around the Comfort women issue: firstly, the transnational advocacy movement looking for international recognition and urging the Japanese government to take its postwar responsibility by delivering formal apology and compensation to the victims; secondly, the social care and psychological treatment provided by TWRF to the ”Grandmas”, mostly living in poor condition. Based on these observations, I will describe and analyze some major scenes in the publicizing process of comfort women's stories, showing how these old ladies learned from public appearances settled by NGOs to move from the position of ”victim” to that of ”survivor” and ”witness”. Furthermore, I will discuss if the going public has facilitated healing or, on the contrary, impeded it. To sum up, by re-examining the formation of comfort women's narrative, I intend to highlight the importance of subject's recognition and historical inscription, both pivotal for psychoanalytic understanding of trauma. That might offer clinical practitioners another path to consider symptoms and healing, and to bring psycho-trauma back to social relational context.