彭真在1957年整風、「反右派」運動中的角色與作為
摘要
In the spring of 1957, Mao Zedong launched the Rectification Campaign. Initially, this campaign aimed at rectifying certain shortcomings of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). However, it soon became a political purge in which outspoken individuals were hunted out and labeled Rightists. During this notorious campaign, Peng Zhen was one of the most influential political figures. As a senior member of the Politburo of the CCP and the second-ranking leader of the Central Secretariat, Peng Zhen actively participated in decision-making and zealously assisted Deng Xiaoping in carrying out the campaign policies such as ＂luring out the snakes.＂ As the Central leader who took charge of political-legal affairs and united front works, Peng was responsible for the radical campaign development in these two fields. Furthermore, Peng concurrently served as the Party Secretary of the Beijing Municipal Committee. He was in charge of directing and supervising the campaign of Beijing city, and was eager to promote the campaign experiences of the nation’s capital as an example for emulation throughout the rest of the country. To sum up, Peng contributed much to escalating and radicalizing the campaign, and driving it forward excessively. Regarding the elite politics during the campaign, Peng was Mao’s trusted follower to implement his political initiatives, and he cooperated well with Deng to accomplish the campaign. This study also enhances the understanding of the political campaigns led by the CCP, and particularly the crucial role of the campaign executor.